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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), referred to as drones, can offer many conveniences for carrying out surveillance activities and surveying road conditions by minimizing human interaction in the field during the Covid 19 pandemic, So far, road condition surveys are still based on manual field observations, It requires a long time to take documentation and measure road distress. It could disrupt traffic flow, especially on relatively narrow roads, and surveyor safety on particular roads. In this paper conducted a survey of road conditions during the pandemic using drone. The results showed that a survey of road distress using a drone for 1 km could be carried out in 1 hour by 4 people, requiring 5-8 hours to process data to produce orthophoto products that can be used for identification, inventory, and classification 9 types of road distress in Indonesia research sites. Furthermore, the dimensions of road distress were calculated faster and resulted in accuracy above 97% compared to measurements in the field. © 2023 Author(s).
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Background. Surveys on Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (PKAP) have been conducted in various countries with respondents from the public as well as health workers. Measuring the knowledge of the public about COVID-19 is very important to determine the knowledge gap among the public and also as an evaluation of the preventive efforts for COVID-19. Objective. The purpose of this research was to determine whether education level is a factor that affects one's literacy about COVID-19. Materials and Methods. This is cross-sectional research with online-based data collection using the Kobo toolbox application. The data collection was carried out from the 19th of April until the 2nd of May 2020. The number of people under study is 792. The level of knowledge was measured using 12 research questions with true or false question types. the multivariable logistic regression was carried out. Results. Most of the respondents (52.5%) were in the young age group (15-35 years old), were male (57.3%), and had a bache-lor or diploma education level (62.1%). Furthermore, most of the respondents had good knowledge (65.4%). The higher the respon-dents' educational level means, the better knowledge they had concerning COVID-19 (P=0.013). Conclusions. Public knowledge about COVID-19 is affected by their level of education. A good level of knowledge about COVID-19 was found among respondents with master's and doctoral degrees. This finding can contribute to the prevention of COVID-19, in which the priority of educating communities about COVID-19 should be given to those having an educational level below a master's degree.Copyright © the Author(s), 2023.
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Introduction: The demands of academic life and obstacles during online learning in the Covid-19 pandemic make female students physically and mentally exhausted which can trigger stress. Stress involves the neuroendocrinological system that can affect the menstrual cycle. This study aims to analyze the correlation between stress due to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic with students' menstrual cycles. Method: The data measured are the stress due to online learning during the pandemic and the student's menstrual cycles through the DASS 42 questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42) to measure stress levels and a questionnaire containing categories to measure students' menstrual cycles. Results: This study found that stress levels are correlated with the menstrual cycle. Stress levels affect the condition of the menstrual cycle. Conclusion: This study proves that stress due to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic is related to the menstrual cycle of students. © 2022, Sanglah General Hospital. All rights reserved.
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Aim: UK endoscopy services faced challenges prior to SARS-CoV- 2. During the first months of the pandemic, activity fell by 92%. Consequently, in June 2020, NHS England recommended Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for all symptomatic patients to rationalise endoscopy. This study sought to evaluate the real-world safety and effectiveness of this approach. Method(s): Patients referred with suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) on the two-week wait (2ww) pathway were asked to complete a FIT. Samples were analysed using the OC-Sensor. While a FIT > 100 mug Hb/g was used to prioritise investigation, all patients were subsequently investigated. FIT results were correlated with diagnostic studies. Result(s): Between January to December 2020, 48% of referred patients had a FIT. 26% was above the threshold of 10 mug Hb/g in and 8.6% above 100mug Hb/g. 347 patients also had a positive FIT but were not referred. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and likelihood ratio at a threshold of 10mug Hb/g were 78.6%(95%CI0.69-0.86%), 36.8%(95%CI0.34-0.39%), 7.1%(95%CI0.057-0.088%), 96.5% (95%CI 0.95-0.98%) and 1.24 respectively. At 100mug Hb/g, this was 37.8%(95%CI0.29-0.48%), 80.2%(95%CI0.78-0.82%), 10.5%(95%CI0.077-0.14%), 95.4%(95%CI0.94-0.96%) and 1.9 respectively. Conclusion(s): FIT shows promise in trials, but our data raises concerns about real-world performance. Only 48% of patients completed FIT before referral, and we are exploring why 347 FIT-positive patients were not referred. While results are broadly congruent with reported literature that suggested 10% of CRC are FIT negative, this is greater in our cohort at 25%. This raises concerns about the safety of discharging patients based on FIT alone. Modifying the FIT threshold may be required and improving safety-netting where FIT is known to be ineffective, such as patients with iron deficiency anaemia.
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The disparity of women in computing and technology field is quite evident. There have been many national initiatives over the past decade that tried to enhance diversity in these fields. However, one group of population, returning women, have received little to no attention. Covid-19 pandemic has made this situation even worse by sharpening the inequality in America's economy, where nearly eight times the number of women left the workforce compared to men last year. Yet, returning women, remain to be one of the largest untapped talent pools in the nation. The field of computing and Emerging Technology (EmTech) can use the untapped potential of returning women to fill the gap in workforce, which is growing at a rapid rate. Hence, to broaden participation and to understand the barriers and challenges faced by returning women to (re-)enter EmTech, a national virtual conference, RESET, was organized in 2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we present results from a mixed method study to investigate if the attendance at the RESET conference is a predictor of returning women's elevated knowledge in (re-)entering EmTech education and/or workforce, and if the conference was successful in identifying resources that would facilitate transition of returning women in computing and tech discipline. In our quest to answer the questions we also report on - 1) challenges and barriers returning women face when pursuing computing degree, after a break, 2) challenges and barriers returning women face to transition to computing jobs, after a career break, 3) strategies and technical preparations that can be adopted to ease this transition, 4) level of satisfaction with the resources offered by the conference;5) knowledge benefit from various technical sessions;6) compliance with effectiveness of the resources offered;and 7) preparedness in pursuing EmTech education and workforce. © 2022 IEEE.
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Introduction: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern, the WHO designated the outbreak in China and surrounding countries in 2019. The Global board proclaimed public health emergency after research. The WHO encouraged states to step up their efforts before the instances grow. Six ASEAN members have confirmed early instances. WHO reports that the pandemic has reached all ten ASEAN countries. Unclear and inconsistent information and actions show Asia's delayed response to epidemics. Methods: This study uses VOSviewer to investigate ASEAN policy responses to the COVID-19 outbreak. A bibliographic data model can handle several data types. Categories, topics, density, and publication date are common article metadata. Results: Early decisions were taken without a plan to halt COVID-19 from spreading across Asia. Upon confirmation of the first case, national prevention and control measures were launched. Encouraging frequent hand washing, adequate mask usage, and other personal hygiene and sanitation habits were also addressed. Its nature leaves many data and information gaps. Major issues included preventing, detecting, and responding to disease outbreaks in public and medical contexts. Conclusion: The regional health systems came into action to help national health programs. The ASEAN countries have all responded to the COVID-19 outbreak. In order to prepare for and manage the COVID-19 outbreak, a thorough investigation is required.
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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects medical education in anatomy. The new learning environment has lost face-to-face contact, cadaveric dissection and access to anatomy museum which are perceived as the signature methods in anatomy education. E-anatomy kit is a non-conventional teaching modality innovated as an alternative to the gross practical session. The e-anatomy kit was designed to improve the virtual practical experience for first year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. E-anatomy kit consists of: (a) pre-recorded cadaveric demonstration, (b) 3D4Medical Complete Anatomy app, (c) interactive diagram labelling, (d) schematic diagram, and (e) mnemonic. From educational perspective, the e-anatomy kit is in line with the active learning approach and collaborative learning;its instructional design follows the principles of the Cognitive Load Theory. This article describes the components and systematic approach of e-anatomy kit as a new method for teaching gross anatomy of respiratory system during virtual practical, which is useful for anatomy educators. © 2022 Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. All right reserved.
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Introduction: The demands of academic life and obstacles during online learning in the Covid-19 pandemic make female students physically and mentally exhausted which can trigger stress. Stress involves the neuroendocrinological system that can affect the menstrual cycle. This study aims to analyze the correlation between stress due to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic with students' menstrual cycles. Method: The data measured are the stress due to online learning during the pandemic and the student's menstrual cycles through the DASS 42 questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42) to measure stress levels and a questionnaire containing categories to measure students' menstrual cycles. Results: This study found that stress levels are correlated with the menstrual cycle. Stress levels affect the condition of the menstrual cycle. Conclusion: This study proves that stress due to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic is related to the menstrual cycle of students
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"Introduction: School-age children are a critical age group because they are vulnerable to health problems that usually arise related to clean and healthy living behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parental support and clean and healthy living behavior as an effort to prevent covid-19 in students of SDN 1 Panglungan Wonosalam Jombang. Methods: Analytical research design with ""cross sectional"" approach. The population was 40 students from class V and VI. A sample of 37 students was taken using the Cluster Sampling technique. The instrument used a parental support questionnaire and clean and healthy living behavior. Data analysis used Spearmen Rank correlation statistical test with a significant level of = 0.05. Results: The results of the study were obtained from 37 respondents, almost entirely (81.1%) had a good level of support and most (62.2%) had a clean and healthy lifestyle as a good covid 19 prevention effort. Spearman rank correlation test analysis obtained p value of 0.01 <0.05, then h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parental support and clean and healthy living behavior as an effort to prevent covid-19 in students of SDN Panglungan 1 Wonosalam Jombang. The role of nurses can provide nursing care in the form of education for children and parents, so that children are able to carry out clean and healthy living behaviors as an effort to prevent Covid-19"
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Aim: NHS England, in June 2020, published guidance that required Faecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) for all symptomatic patients, including high and low-risk patients, prior to the referral to the suspected colorectal cancer pathway. FIT was utilised as a stratification tool to ration limited diagnostic services during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the feasibility of the recommended guidelines in a Northeast London catchment population. Method(s): Patients considered for referral on the two-week wait (2WW) pathway for suspected colorectal cancer provided stool samples for FIT analysis. Samples were analysed at a single centre using an OC-Sensor FIT-Screening System, with FIT >10 mug Hb/g warranting urgent investigation. Results were then retrospectively correlated with patient records. Result(s): From January 2021 to June 2021, there was a 111.4% increase in FIT requests compared to the previous 12 months. However, of the 8475 samples, 19% (1607) were unprocessed by the lab. There were 20% (1718) FIT positive above the NICE threshold of 10 mug Hb/g, while 61% (5150) were negative. 27% underwent referral and urgent investigation. 314 patients were also identified as FIT positive, though not referred. Conclusion(s): This study highlights concerns about FIT's real-world feasibility and acceptance as a risk stratification tool prior to referral. Despite recommendations implemented in mid-2020, significant proportions of patients referred lacked a FIT result prior to referral. Furthermore, literature suggests FIT is widely accepted;however, this is not congruent with the study results demonstrating a substantial proportion of 19% of unprocessed samples due to incorrectly labelled and inadequate samples received by the lab. This, therefore, raises concerns about relying on FIT and the potential delays in the diagnosis of CRC due to repeating unprocessed samples. Finally, we are investigating the outcome for the 314 patients with FIT results above the 10 mug Hb/g threshold that were not referred.
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BACKGROUND: Elderly with dementia through a decline in degenerative brain function is characterized by a progressive loss of memory function and other cognitive abilities, the number of which is increasing in almost all countries. Dementia is a degenerative disease that requires long-term treatment, experienced by a number of the elderly population (over 60 years) (Vega et al., 2018). Dementia can ultimately affect social activities so that in general, it affects the independence of the elderly in daily activities. METHODS: The research design used in this research is descriptive analytical research design. The population involved in this study is the elderly in Surabaya, Indonesia, which is also the research sample for those who meet the criteria. These criteria include the elderly who are 60 years old, the elderly who are registered at the Community Health Center or Integrated Service Post, are diagnosed with dementia, do not include confirmed cases of COVID-19, live with family, have family members with a minimum high school education of at least 20 years, have and are able to operate Android mobile media, and do not suffer from complications. The sampling technique used in this study was simple random sampling with 100 respondents. RESULTS: There are three levels of independence for the elderly with dementia, namely, low independence as many as 35 respondents (35%), moderate independence as many as 51 respondents (51%), and high independence as many as 14 respondents (14%). These results are influenced by the characteristics of the elderly, family factors, and health services. CONCLUSION: Furthermore, the most of the level of independence of the elderly is moderate independence. It is hoped that the elderly can increase their level of independence. The role of various lines is needed to support this including families and health workers, but the role of the elderly itself is also an important point to increase the independence of the elderly.
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These past two years, COVID-19 has added to the industry's gender and ethnic underrepresentation issues. The pandemic's reallocation shock has caused more than 31 million Americans to rely on unemployment. A recent study estimates 32-42% of these layoffs will become permanent, which will be felt more acutely by minority communities. As the pandemic continues to sharpen inequalities in America's economy, nearly eight times the number of women left the workforce compared to men last year. These rates were higher for women of color. To broaden participation and fill a growing need for skilled workers in computing, it is important to consider innovative pathways that delve into untapped pools of talent for training and recruitment. It has been estimated that by 2030, approximately one-third to a half of employees may desire new occupations or may need to either reskill or upskill. Some niches within the computing fields, like emerging technologies (EmTech) (e.g., cloud computing, data science, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence), are expected to grow job opportunities more quickly than others. The demands of these jobs can only be fulfilled by creating opportunities for one of the largest untapped Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) talent pools: adult women. We conducted a series of four virtual focus groups with 18 adult women of color in total, specifically Hispanic and Black women. These women are (re-)entering the computing field through emerging technology pathways. The goal of the focus group interviews was to identify the reasons for their career and/or educational breaks, barriers they faced and/or are currently facing in their studies and/or employment, and suggested strategies and actions to mitigate these barriers. In this paper, we present the details of the focus group findings summarized based on the qualitative study. The proposed mitigations voiced by the participants can be used as a baseline to build or increase the pipeline in the computing field by providing a suitable and flexible learning environment for returning and adult women. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel, severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading since late 2019 and has infected more than 360 million people worldwide. Infected individuals often develop severe illnesses, such as hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which can lead to multiple organ failure. To manage the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination programs have been conducted around the globe. In addition to supportive and antiviral medications, much attention has been focused on immunotherapies aimed at reducing pathological changes in the lungs. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received extensive attention as an option in treating COVID-19 because of their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. This article discusses how MSCs play a major role in the battle against COVID-19, their pathological characteristics, their safety, and their possible effectiveness in treating the disease. © 2022, International Medical Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved.
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This paper sought to explore school leadership practices, the management of school partnerships with the industry, and the challenges faced in implementing partnerships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Embracing an exploratory research design including a sequential model, the present research involved 89 principals, vice principals, and productive teachers from government-funded secondary schools who directly engage in the management of school partnerships with the industry. Findings reveal that school leadership practices implemented a participatory approach. School management was employed to optimize the role of vice principals, program heads, and productive teachers. The challenge of establishing partnerships during the COVID-19 pandemic lies in implementing an independent learning policy assisted by information and communication technology. © 2022 International Journal of Health Sciences.
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Virtual Reality (VR) has became a significant element of education throughout the years. To understand the quality and advantages of these techniques, it's important to understand how they were developed and evaluated. Since COVID-19, the education system has drastically changed a lot. It has shifted from being in a classroom with a whiteboard and projectors to having your own room in front of your laptop in a virtual meeting. In this respect, virtual reality in the laboratory or Virtual Laboratory is the main focus of this research, which is intended to comprehend the work done in quality education from a distance using VR. As per the findings of the study, adopting virtual reality in education can help students learn more effectively and also help them increase perspective, enthusiasm, and knowledge of complex notions by offering them with an interactive experience in which they can engage and learn more effectively. This highlights the importance for a significant expansion of VR use in learning, the majority of which employ scientific comparison approaches to compare students who use VR to those who use the traditional method for learning. © 2022 ACM.
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Background: Pediatric firearm injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, residents of Chicago were placed under a “stay at home” order during the Spring of 2020. The full impact of these “stay at home” orders is unknown, but previous social and economic stressors have been associated with increased rates of violence. Additionally, studies demonstrate increased firearm purchases during this time period, a known risk factor for homicide and suicide. We sought to describe pediatric firearm associated deaths in Chicago during the COVID-19 pandemic and “stay at home” order. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the Cook County Medical Examiner's database from January 2016 through December 2020. We collected information on all firearm associated deaths for persons less than 18 years old and compared deaths from 2020 during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Chicago's “stay at home” order to deaths from the previous 4 years to determine if there were differences that occurred during these time periods. Results: During the 5 year period, there were a total of 221 pediatric firearm deaths, 285 firearm homicides and 29 firearm suicides. 2020 had a similar number of pediatric firearm homicides, 67, compared to prior years, range 47-82. The majority of these firearm homicides occurred in Black (76%) children aged 15-17 (74%). There were more firearm homicides in persons aged 1-14 (14) in 2020 compared to prior years (range 3-10). June and July 2020 saw the highest number of firearm homicides per month, 9 and 11. The months during Chicago's “stay at home” order did not see an increase in firearm homicides compared to prior years, 11 compared to range 0-19. 2020 had a greater number of pediatric firearm suicides, 11, compared to prior years, range 2-7. There were more firearm suicides in Black children in 2020, 5, compared to prior years, range 1-2. The majority of firearm suicides occurred in children aged 15-17 (73%). Additionally, 2020 saw more firearm suicides in children aged 10-14, 3, compared to prior years, range 0-2. The months during Chicago's “stay at home” order did not see an increase in firearm suicides compared to prior years, 0 compared to range 0-3. Conclusion: Firearm injuries are a leading cause of death in children. Changes in the epidemiology of pediatric firearm injuries during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Chicago include a similar number of firearm homicides and an increased number of firearm suicides. Black male adolescents continue to be disproportionately affected by both firearm homicide and firearm suicide. There did not appear to be an increase in firearm homicides or firearm suicides during Chicago's “stay at home” order.
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SARS-CoV-2, the newly identified coronavirus causing human infections, has spread rapidly across the globe as of late December 2019. This pandemic outbreak caused the death of over 50,000 people in a short span of time, and the worldwide health systems were significantly challenged. From a health standpoint, studies show that Covid-19 mostly affects older age groups, whereas children are generally more resilient and less affected than adults. As Covid-19 cases soared in Malaysia, authorities in Malaysia imposed containment measures or Movement Control Orders (MCO) in March 2020. As part of the effort to prevent the spread of the virus, the Malaysian Ministry of Education has also closed all schools nationwide. Researchers realized that such quarantine could adversely affect children who were being quarantined throughout the outbreak. This study is conducted in order to examine the repercussions of the prevalence of emotional, mental health, and social problems among children who have been quarantined in the home. In addition, appropriate mechanisms and interventions are considered to deal with these issues. This research is qualitative in nature. The relevant priory articles, guidelines, and informative official websites related to children's mental-health issues with the COVID-19 pandemic were also narratively reviewed and thematically organized. A systematic search was also conducted in various text documents, including primary sources of Islamic guidelines and principles for children's mental and emotional health, using content analysis to analyse the data. It is further recommended that a comprehensive approach be taken in dealing with the mental, social, and emotional health of children who were affected by this pandemic. To achieve this holistic approach, the proposed constructive plan and intervention must be formulated with due consideration for an Islamic point of view. In response to the current pandemic, it is hoped that a comprehensive and integrated approach to intervention would serve as an effective measure to ensure children's mental health throughout and after the pandemic.
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Bangladesh has experienced the hardest coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impact on the socioeconomic sector. The underprivileged group, rickshaw pullers, faced extreme situations due to the pandemic. This rapid cross-sectional study was conducted among 190 rickshaw pullers of Dhaka city. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey was carried out to evaluate their view and COVID-19 response level. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Statistical analyses such as Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney U tests, Spearman’s rank correlation, the linear regression model, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were performed where appropriate. The majority of them rated the high impact of COVID-19 on their income and mental health. Age, living with family, accommodation type, income, and COVID-19 infection history were found as associating factors with these impacts. A large number of the study population demonstrated low knowledge level (42.63 percent), moderate attitude level (57.37 percent), and moderate practice level (58.95 percent) toward COVID-19 and the vaccination. Positive attitude could reduce their mental health concern due to the pandemic. The study population mostly used their surrounding people as the main source of COVID-19 information. However, digital media have played a crucial role to disseminate authentic information. Ensuring better socioeconomic conditions can help these highly vulnerable people to be effectively prepared and respond against the pandemic. © 2022 Weston Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
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Police officers play a crucial role in guaranteeing the safety of residents by protecting their lives. However, due to the COVID-19 epidemic, police officers were supposed to organize local shutdowns, promote social distance, and enforce stay-at-home orders. Hence, this research aims to explore potential sources of stress, and causes of conflict. The respondents are the police officers from Petaling Jaya District Police Headquarter. Data is collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Findings show that most police officers feel stressed since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, along with their workload.
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The COVID-19 virus pandemic in Indonesia has been going on since March 2020 and is still ongoing with conditions that need to be watched out for. This can be seen from the distribution of the addition of daily active cases in Indonesia which is still changing dynamically. An alternative solution that can help to analyze the prevention of the spread of the virus is modelling and simulating the spread of cases to estimate the description of pandemic conditions that may occur in Indonesia. A common and widely used epidemiological-based model is the SIR model, which groups individuals affected by a pandemic into several compartments. Using this modelling and utilizing the concept of machine learning technology, the modelling process can be carried out more efficiently and accurately. In this final project, two models are developed, namely SIR and one of its derivatives, SIR-F, based on machine learning concepts to estimate and simulate various scenarios of virus spread. There are 3 scenarios developed for analysis, namely the scenario without a vaccination program, a vaccination program with a health protocol that is adhered to, and a vaccination program that is not followed by a health protocol. Based on the scenario simulation, it was found that the vaccination program could have a positive impact on efforts to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic more effectively when compared to the scenario without vaccination. Meanwhile, if the vaccination program is not supported by adequate health protocols, then vaccination will not have any impact on the prevention effort. These results apply uniformly to the results of the SIR and SIR-F models. Overall, it can be concluded that the developed model can carry out all its functions as needed, with the level of accuracy through the MAPE metric reaching 0.412 for the SIR model and 0.022 for the SIR-F model. © 2022 IEEE.